In this module, we explore One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a statistical technique used to compare the means of three or more independent groups to determine if there are significant differences between them. The session begins with an introduction to the concept of One-Way ANOVA and provides a clear definition of Analysis of Variance. We discuss the key assumptions that must be met for a valid ANOVA analysis and present a sample ANOVA table to illustrate its components. Practical example problems are included to demonstrate the application of One-Way ANOVA in various contexts, and the module concludes with a summary and key takeaways.