Statistical significance helps determine if the results of a study are likely due to something other than random chance. It’s used in hypothesis testing to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis () in favor of the alternative hypothesis (). If a result is statistically significant, it suggests that the observed effect is unlikely to happen by chance. Statistical significance is determined by calculating a p-value, which is compared to a threshold (usually 0.05). If the p-value is below this threshold, the result is considered significant.