If you reject a null hypothesis, can you conclude that the null hypothesis is false? Why or why not?
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No, rejecting a null hypothesis doesn’t prove it is false; it only means the data provides enough evidence to doubt it, since hypothesis testing is based on probabilities and there’s always a chance of error.
No. Rejecting H₀ only means the data was unlikely under the assumption that H₀ is true. There's still a small probability (α) the result was a Type I error.