Sensitivity analysis and shadow prices play a crucial role in Operations Research, providing valuable insights that enhance decision-making processes. They offer a deeper understanding of how changes in parameters and constraints impact the optimal solution, objective function value, and resource allocation.

Sensitivity analysis helps assess the risk associated with decisions made based on the model. By considering different scenarios and how they affect the optimal solution, decision-makers can understand potential risks and develop risk mitigation strategies.

Sensitivity analysis allows decision-makers to explore how sensitive the optimal solution is to changes in input parameters. By identifying parameters with the most significant impact, decision-makers can make more robust decisions that take into account potential variations and uncertainties.