Why do primal constraints become dual variables, and primal decision variables become dual constraints? What is the logic behind this swap?
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The primal focuses on allocating resource quantities to maximize output, while the dual focuses on pricing those underlying resources. The constraints in resource space bound the valuation of variables in the price space
Primal constraints become dual variables to price resources, and primal variables become dual constraints to price products. This swap flips the problem to look at output and cost from opposite sides.
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